It can be quite difficult to coat plastic materials, such as automotive bumpers, and it is common to first apply a conductive primer before electrostatic coating a topcoat. Antimony-doped conductive fillers can exhibit high brightness and satisfactory conductivity, but are toxic, and needle-like materials are avoided from the viewpoint of safety and hygiene. Waterborne coatings that are used, contain a high proportion of emulsifiers, which have consequences for water and humidity resistance.
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