Chaotic motion and heating of proton in perpendicular collisionless shocks

摘要

OBSERVATIONS and theoretical calculations show that a part oi protons are reflected by the shock after the interaction between the,solar wind and the quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock with high Much number. These protons have large velocities inthe direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and move again towards the downstream of shock due to the effect of gyration. Upon their second encounter with the shock, most of them are transmitted to the downstream where they form a highly non-Maxwellian velocity distribution.