The distribution, abundance and conservation status of the Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus

摘要

Historically, the Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus was considered a local race of the Kentish Plover C. alexandrinus, distinguished by its darker earth-brown rather than sandy- brown upper parts, dark brown rather than black lores and eye line, rusty-brown wash on the crown and often the nape (always white in the other races), dark rusty-brown rather than black patches on the sides of the breast, lined with a yellowish brown, sometimes a complete breast bar and a heavier bill (Chasen 1938, Hoogerwerf 1966, Iqbal et al. 2011, Tebb et al. 2008). It was treated for the first time as a distinct species by Cramp & Simmons (1983), and is now generally included in the Kentish Plover superspecies together with the Red-capped Plover C. ruficapillus, Malaysian Plover C. Peronii, White- fronted Plover C. marginatus and Snowy Plover C. nivosus (Küpper et al. 2009, Piersma & Wiersma 1996, Sibley & Monroe 1990).