The Uralenergotsvetmet Production Association, for many years now, has been working to improve energy use in-non-ferrous metallurgical units. The work is performed comprehensively: the development of structural documentation, production, installation, and adjustment. Planning-design decisions were directed, as a rule, at raising productivity, increasing reliability, and reducing energy consumption in the process. The latter is achieved by improving the use of fuel and cutting heat losses. At one of the copper smelters in the Urals region in 1986-1987, modernized reflective type refining furnaces were introduced to replace furnaces using a reverse heating system, an underground flue system, and continuous water cooling of the heat-stressed units in the furnace. It should be noted that aside from operational drawbacks, connected with the need to make frequent repairs of the underground flues and regenerators, the furnaces had an imperfect system of heating which impeded the organization of a controllable flame. Fuel was fed to the smelting chamber separately from the air flow, which tended to make its use ineffective.
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