BACKGROUND: Neurologic problems postpediatric liver transplant have been reported in up to 46% of cases, and mortality is higher in the pediatric age group compared with adults. METHODS: An internal audit was performed in all children undergoing solid organ transplant in the Liver unit at Birmingham Children's Hospital to identify children with neurologic complications. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen children underwent 127 pediatric liver transplant and combined liver and small bowel transplant episodes over a 4-year period. Neurologic problems were present after 31 of 127 (24.4%) transplant episodes involving 29 children. Seizures were the most common presentation (n=17; 54.8%), followed by encephalopathy (n=11; 35.4%) and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (n=6; 19.3%). Other complications noted were central nervous system infection (n=4; 12.9%), cerebrovascular accident (n=3; 9.6%), peripheral neuropathy (n=2; 6.4%) and tremor, transient blurring of vision, auditory hallucinations and choreoathetosis (n=1; 3.2%) each. There were 27 deaths (23%) in 117 children after transplantation, and the mortality rate in the group with neurologic problem was 13.3% (n=4) compared with 26.7% (n=23) in children without neurologic problem (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.142-1.439). In contrast to other studies, our study showed that the mortality rate was not higher in children with neurologic problems. CONCLUSION: Neurologic problems were relatively common after pediatric liver transplantation and combined liver and bowel transplantations; however, the mortality was lower when compared with previously reported studies.
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