Since the first successful liver transplantation by Starzl et al. in 1967, liver transplantation has become the standard therapy for many liver diseases, mainly chronic liver disease. Most liver transplantations performed in Europe and North America utilize deceased donors while a considerable portion of organ requirements is supplied by living donors in Asian countries including Turkey. The actual history of solid organ transplantation in Turkey began with the pioneering work of Dr. Haberal in collaboration with Thomaz E. Starzl in 1974 in Colorado University at Denver. The first successful solid organ transplantation in Turkey was accomplished by Haberal in 1975 with a living donor renal transplantation. Subsequently, legislations no 2238 and 2594 dated 1979 and 1982, respectively, were passed, paving the way for cadaveric tissue/organ utilization and preservation in Turkey. The first deceased donor liver transplantation and the first living donor liver transplantation were performed in 1988 and 1990, respectively. There are currently 45 liver transplantation centers in Turkey. Of these, 25 are state universities, 8 are private (foundation) universities, 9 are private hospitals, and 3 are training and research hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health. A total of 7152 liver transplantations were performed in Turkey between January 2002 and May 2014. Of these, 4848(67.8%) used living donors and 2304(322%) used deceased donors. These figures indicate that, despite widespread organ donation campaigns and media-sponsored propaganda, desired targets have not been met yet in providing deceased organ donation. Despite unsatisfactory levels attained in supplying deceased donors, both the number of annual liver transplantations and improvements in overall survival rates of organ transplanted patients continues to increase. Actually, the one-year patient survival rate after liver transplantation in 2013 was 80.5%. This rate is getting better with each passing year and believed to be close to 90% in the next few years. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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机译：自从Starzl等人首次成功进行肝移植以来。 1967年，肝移植已成为许多肝脏疾病（主要是慢性肝病）的标准疗法。在欧洲和北美进行的大多数肝移植都使用已故的供体，而相当一部分器官需求则由包括土耳其在内的亚洲国家的活体供体提供。土耳其实体器官移植的实际历史始于Haberal博士于1974年与Thomaz E. Starzl合作在丹佛科罗拉多大学的开创性工作。哈贝拉尔（Haberal）于1975年完成了第一例成功的实体器官移植，并进行了活体供体肾移植。随后，分别通过了1979年和1982年的第2238号和2594号法律，为土耳其的尸体组织/器官利用和保存铺平了道路。第一次死者供体肝移植和第一次活体供体肝移植分别于1988年和1990年进行。目前，土耳其有45个肝移植中心。其中，国立大学25所，私立（基础）大学8所，私立医院9所，卫生部所属的培训研究医院3所。在2002年1月至2014年5月之间，土耳其共进行了7152例肝移植。其中，有4848（67.8％）个已用活体供体和2304（322％）个已故的供体。这些数字表明，尽管开展了广泛的器官捐献运动并得到了媒体赞助的宣传，但在提供已故器官捐献方面尚未达到预期的目标。尽管已故死者的供体水平不尽人意，但每年的肝移植数量和器官移植患者总体生存率的提高都在继续增加。实际上，2013年肝移植后的一年患者存活率为80.5％。该比率逐年提高，并且相信在未来几年中将接近90％。 （C）2014 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
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