The authors discuss the various presentations of scrotal swellings, explaining how a careful clinical assessment and use of ultrasound can aid diagnosis and management of this common problem. Scrotal swellings are a common problem among men of all ages. The cause of swelling may be malignant or benign (Figure 1). A careful assessment of the patient is essential in diagnosis and management (Box 1). Examination of the patient can also often elucidate the cause of the scrotal mass (Box 2). Initial investigation of a swelling may include an ultrasound scan, which has a high sensitivity and specificity, particularly for testicular tumours (Figure 2).
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