Transcriptional stalling in B-lymphocytesA mechanism for antibody diversification and maintenance of genomic integrity

摘要

B cells utilize three DNA alteration strategies—V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR)—to somatically mutate their genome, thereby expressing a plethora of antibodies tailor-made against the innumerableantigens they encounter while in circulation. Of these three events, the single-strand DNA cytidine deaminase, Activation Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID), is responsible for SHM and CSR. Recent advances, discussed in this review article, point toward various components of RNA polymerase II "stalling" machinery as regulators of AID activity during antibody diversification and maintenance of B cell genome integrity.