China's medium-voltage distribution network advances to accommodate a variety of distributed energy resources. Smart grid technologies in China are now developing rapidly. Power flow on medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) networks is bidirectional as a result of the integration of wind, solar, electric vehicles and other distributed energy resources (DERs). Therefore, traditional distribution network planning faces substantial challenges and must incorporate new techniques. Considerable uncertainty exists in load forecasting, planning and operation of distribution networks following the integration of DERs.
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