Cardiorespiratory adjustments of homing pigeons to steady wind tunnel flight

摘要

We made detailed cardiorespiratory measurements from homing pigeons during quiet rest and steady wind tunnel flight. Our pigeons satisfied their 17.4-fold increase in oxygen consumption during flight with a 7.4-fold increase in cardiac output (Q) over dot and a 2.4-fold increase in blood oxygen extraction. (Q) over dot was increased primarily by increasing heart rate sixfold. Comparisons between our study and those from the only other detailed cardiorespiratory study on flying birds reveal a number of similarities and important differences. Although the avian allometric equations from this earlier study accurately predicted the flight (Q) over dot of our pigeons, this was primarily due to due to compensating discrepancies in their heart rate and stroke volume predictions. Additionally, the measured heart mass (M-H)-specific (Q) over dot ((Q) over dot /M-H) of our pigeons during wind tunnel flight was about 22% lower than the estimated value. Compared to running mammals in previous studies, the 1.65-fold (Q) over dot of our pigeons is consistent with their larger heart mass.