CRITICAL P&ID REVIEWS USING HAZOP/LOPA METHODOLOGY- OVERKILL OR UNDERRATED?

摘要

Prior to moving from define phase to execution phase on a given project, the typical project protocol is to perform a critical process and instrumentation drawing (P&ID) review as a transition from "issued for information or preliminary design" to "issued for design or HAZOP". The objectives of a critical P&ID review are to (1) identify commercially-positive design changes early in the project lifecycle to reduce downstream implementation costs, (2) identify operational concerns to ensure optimal resolution and long-term operational effectiveness, and (3) identify safety vulnerabilities for early application of inherently safer design (ISD) principles where possible and early identification of safety integrity levels (SIL) for required safety- instrumented systems (SIS). Companies perform critical P&ID reviews using various evaluation methods, including P&ID symbology/element checklists, process hazard analysis (e.g. Checklist, HAZID, and HAZOP), and "cold-eyes" review. Each of these approaches provides structure to a critical P&ID review; however, each also provides opportunities for commercial, operability, and safety vulnerabilities to remain in the design when applied independently. The authors posit use of a hybrid HAZOP/LOPA process hazard analysis methodology to conduct critical P&ID reviews (1) results in a more rigorous evaluation and (2) reduces the likelihood for commercial, operability, and safety vulnerabilities to persist into the design/execution phase of projects. In this paper, the authors present the advantages and disadvantages of using a hybrid HAZOP/LOPA approach for critical P&ID reviews. They also provide recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the HAZOP/LOPA methodology when applied to critical P&ID reviews. Specifically, the authors provide examples of commercial benefits realized, enhanced operational insight, ISD successes, and application pitfalls when applying a hybrid HAZOP/LOPA PHA methodology to a critical P&ID review. The target audience for this paper includes project managers, project engineers, EH&S managers, PSM coordinators, and operators; however, anyone involved with small or large capital projects may also benefit from this paper's content.