Wasting away in Mars-Aritaville.

摘要

Humans encountered physiological challenges as soon we began to leave the ground, first with balloons, then with planes, and more recently via rockets. Early high-altitude balloon flight exposed the sojourners to extreme cold and potentially lethal hypoxia (West, 1982). As planes became more powerful and manoeuvrable, pilots experienced severe G-forces that could limit brain perfusion and cause loss of consciousness. The problems of temperature, hypoxia and G-forces have all been solved with relatively straightforward countermeasures including supplemental oxygen, pressurized environments, improved clothing, and G-suits along with straining manoeuvres.