Assessment and Management of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly Male

摘要

Mr. J. is a 74-year-old white male who presents with complaints of urinary frequency, urgency, and noc-turia of up to four times per night. He is well groomed, neatly dressed, and exudes the faint odor of urine. He has had lower urinary tract symptoms for at least 4 years, which have progressively worsened. His symptoms consist of diurnal frequency of small amounts, nocturnal voiding of three to four times, slow-to-start urinary stream, and the feeling of incomplete emptying. He complains of daytime fatigue, often falling asleep as he watches television. Due to his urinary frequency and incontinence, he no longer plays golf or visits the library, both activities he had previously enjoyed. His medical history includes mild os-teoarthritis. A review of systems is noncontributory. He takes no prescribed medications. He occasionally takes acetaminophen for minor arthritic pain. He also takes acetaminophen with diphenhydramine about once a week "to try to get some sleep."