OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CELLULASES BY GLIOCLAD1UM VIRENS MILLER ET AL., AND TRICHODERMA REESEI QM 9414 UNDER SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CONDITIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE SACCHARIFICATION OF BARLEY

摘要

Celluloses are being increasingly used to hydrolyse lignocellulosic materials (Okeke and Obi, 1995; Tomme et al, 1995), however, due to the presence of lignin, the accessibility of the enzyme is reduced (Kuhad and Singh, 1993) and the alkali-pretreatment is known to remove much amount of the constituent lignin (Marsden and Grey, 1986). Trichoderma reesei has been widely used for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials but due to its low levels of p-glu-cosidase, Gliocladium virens is being investigated as an alternate source for cellulases (Esterbauer et al., 1983; vSingh & Garg, 1995; 1996). The recent advancement in solid-state-fermentation technology (Chahal, 1985) has enabled the biotechnologists to use higher concentrations of the substrate, resulting in the yield of very high activity of cellulases. As per F.A.O. (1989) estimates, the total annual world production of lignocellulose from cereals alone accounts for 2946 million tons of which 1135 million tons is from Asia. Barley is the one of the major crop in India and its straw can be used as a source of lignocellulosic material.