Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites inhibit proinflammatory cytokine induction in infected macrophages by preventing nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-KB

摘要

Control of microbial infection requires regulated induction of NF-#kappa#B-dependent proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-a. Activation of this important transcription factor is driven by phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the inhibitory 1KB molecule, an event which enables NF-#kappa#B translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In this study, we show that intracellular infection of macrophages with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii induces rapid 1KB phosphorylation and degradation. Nevertheless, NF-#kappa#B failed to translocate to the nucleus, enabling the parasite to invade cells without triggering proinfiammatory cytokine induction. Infected cells subsequently subjected to LPS triggering were severely crippled in IL-12 and TNF-#alpha# production, a result of tachyzoite-induced blockade of NF-KB nuclear translocation. Our results are the first to demon-strate the ability of an intracellular protozoan to actively interfere with the NF-#kappa#B activation pathway in macrophages, an activity that may enable parasite survival within the host.