Occurrence of homospermidine and thermospermine as a cellular polyamine in unicellular chlorophyte and multicellular charophyte green algae

摘要

In order to consider the phylogenetic significance of cellular polyamine profiles in the early evolution of eu-karyotes, cellular polyamines from the eleven lower eukaryotic taxa, Apicomplexa, Cercozoa, Chlorophyta, Ciliophora, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenozoa, Glau-cophyta, Haptophyta, Heterokonta (Stramenopiles) and Rhodophyta, have been analyzed (Hamana, 2008; Hamana and Matsuzaki, 1982,1985a; Hamana and Niitsu, 2006; Hamana et al., 1990, 2004a, b). The three photo-trophic taxa, the (sub)kingdom Chloroplastida (formerly Viridiplantae) including a green algal division (phylum), Chlorophyta and the two phyla Glaucophyta and Rhodophyta, have plastids from the primary endosym-biosis of a phototrophic cyanobacterium and are located together in the Archaeplastida (unranked) (Adl et al., 2012; Becker, 2012: Finet et al., 2010; Inouye, 2006; Leliaert et al., 2012; MCC-NIES Catalogue, 2013; NCBI website, 2013). Distributions of triamines, such as norspermidine and spermidine, and tetra-amines, such as norspermine and spermine, were almost phyloge-netically specific among the eleven taxa; furthermore, a part of their polyamine profiles seems to be correlated to their evolutional secondary or tertiary endo- symbiotic process. Within the eleven taxa, homospermidine was found only in multicellular rhodophyte red algae as a major polyamine (Hamana and Niitsu, 2006), whereas triamine was widespread in cyanobacteria (Hamana et al., 1983,1988, 2008; Hosoya et al., 2005) and in land plants including mosses and ferns (Hamana and Matsuzaki, 1985b; Hamana etal., 1988; Shaw et al., 2010). Thermospermine, an isomer of spermine found as a usual, minor tetra-amine in higher land plants (Fuell etal., 2010; Hamana etal., 1992,1994,1996,1998, 2000; Minguet et al., 2008; Otsuka et al., 2005; Takano et al., 2012), has never been found in the lower eukaryotic eleven taxa.