Ammonia, refinery, and chemical plants operate various process systems and equipment that include reactors, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, and piping in critical operations. As a part of the process, many of these assets are exposed to hydrogen at elevated temperatures and degrade as a result of a process known as high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA). To ensure the mechanical integrity and fitness-for-service (FFS) of the equipment, facility managers, reliability engineers, and inspection technicians must understand the HTHA damage mechanism and the probable level of HTHA damage their equipment has relative to available industry failure data. This relative damage probability can be used to inform owner/operators (within the framework of process safety management (PSM)) as to the risk of failure when risk ranking assets using the owner/user's PSM risk matrix (probability and consequence).
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