It is rare in the history of modern science that a single area will be so productive JLfor both fundamental research and its applications as in the field of nanocarbon materials. During last few decades several breakthrough discoveries in synthesis and fabrication of these materials have happened. Enabling materials technology has inspired thousands of scientists and engineers around the world working in physics, materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and other fields: 140,000 papers were published since 1991 (Fig. 1). Successes in these fields were celebrated by three major prizes,' the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (R. F. Curl, H. Kroto, R. E. Smalley), the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics (A. Geim, K. Novoselov), and the 2012 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (M. S. Dresselhaus).
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