From Bell Labs to Silicon Valley:A Saga of Semiconductor Technology Transfer,1955-61

摘要

Despite the fact that the Bell Telephone Laboratories had originated almost all the silicon technology eventually used to invent the integrated circuit,or microchip,this revolutionary breakthrough occurred elsewhere-at Texas Instruments,Inc.,in Dallas,and Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation in Mountain View,California.In the latter case,the transfer of this technology occurred largely through the offices of a pivotal but ultimately unsuccessful company,Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory,which had been formed by transistor pioneer William Shockley.