In anticipation of the diversification of primary energy resources such as oil, natural gas, coal, electricity, and renewable resources, Toyota launched the Prius Hybrid vehicle in 1997 and has also made available Electric Vehicle (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PH V) versions to improve fuel consumption efficiency and reduce exhaust gas emissions as compared to conventional combustion-engine vehicles. Moreover, Toyota has developed a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) and regards a sustainable society as the future energy scenario. In such a scenario, the energy supply relies not only on fossil fuels, but also on environment-friendly renewable resources. Electricity and hydrogen are used as energy carriers in a common idealized infrastructure in the sustainable society, as shown in Fig. 1. Toyota believes hydrogen will be a leading energy carrier and has just started sales of the MIRAI FCV, introduced with an affordable price (approximately 7 million Japanese yen or $57,500), in December 2014.
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