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Seismic Structures in the Earth's Inner Core Below Southeastern Asia

机译:东南亚以下地球内核的地震构造

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摘要

Documenting seismic heterogeneities in the Earth's inner core (IC) is important in terms of getting an insight into its history and dynamics. A valuable means for studying properties and spatial structure of such heterogeneities is provided by measurements of body waves refracted in the vicinity of the inner core boundary (ICB). Here, we investigate eastern hemisphere of the solid core by means of PKPBC-PKPDF differential travel times that sample depths from 140 to 360 km below its boundary. We study 292 polar and 133 equatorial residuals measured over the traces that probe roughly the same volume of the IC in both planes. Equatorial residuals show slight spatial variations in the sampled IC volume mostly below the level of 0.5 %, whereas polar residuals are up to three times as big, direction dependent and can exhibit higher local variations. The measurements reveal fast changes in seismic velocity within a restricted volume of the IC. We interpret the observations in terms of anisotropy and check against several anisotropy models few of which have been found capable of fitting the residuals scatter. We particularly quantify the model where a dipping discontinuity separates fully isotropic roof of the IC from its anisotropic body, whereas the depth of isotropy-anisotropy transition increases in southeast direction from 190 km below Southeastern Asia (off the coast of China) to 350 km beneath Australia. Another acceptable model cast in terms of localized anisotropic heterogeneities is valid if 33 largest polar measurements over the rays sampling a small volume below Southeastern Asia and the rest of polar data are treated separately. This model envisages almost isotropic eastern hemisphere of the IC at least down to the depth of 360 km below the ICB and constrains the anisotropic volume only to the ranges of North latitudes from 18A degrees to 23A degrees, East longitudes from 125A degrees to 135A degrees and depths exceeding 170 km. The anisotropy strength in either model is about 2 %. Further effective pursuit of the models presents challenges in terms of resolution and coverage and basically requires a significant dataset extension.
机译:记录地球内核(IC)中的地震异质性对于了解其历史和动力学非常重要。通过测量在内芯边界(ICB)附近折射的体波,提供了一种研究此类异质性的特性和空间结构的宝贵手段。在这里,我们通过PKPBC-PKPDF差分行进时间研究了实心东半球,该行进时间采样了其边界以下140至360 km的深度。我们研究了在两个平面上探测到大致相同体积的IC的迹线上测得的292个极性和133个赤道残差。赤道残差在采样的IC体积中显示出轻微的空间变化,大部分低于0.5%的水平,而极性残差的大小高达三倍,取决于方向,并且可能表现出更高的局部变化。这些测量揭示了在有限的IC内地震速度的快速变化。我们用各向异性来解释观测结果,并对照几种各向异性模型进行检验,其中很少能找到适合残差散射的模型。我们特别量化了模型,其中浸没的不连续性将IC的完全各向同性的顶盖与其各向异性体分开,而各向同性-各向异性转变的深度在东南方向上从东南亚以下(中国沿海)的190 km增加到下方的350 km澳大利亚。如果对在东南亚以下小体积采样的光线进行33次最大的极坐标测量,并分别处理其余极地数据,则在局部各向异性异质性方面的另一种可接受的模型是有效的。该模型设想了IC的至少各向同性的东半球,至少要向下到ICB下方360 km的深度,并且将各向异性的体积限制在北纬18A至23A度,东经125A至135A度以及深度超过170公里。在任一模型中,各向异性强度均为2%左右。对模型的进一步有效追求在分辨率和覆盖率方面提出了挑战,并且基本上需要大量的数据集扩展。

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