Flow and Transport inLayered Soils

摘要

Layered soils exhibit vertical textural or structuralcontrast and are ubiquitous. Textural contrast is a resultof translocation via eluviation-illuviation, bioturbation,erosion, deposition or inheritance of textural stratification (Phillips 2001). Surface soils are usually rich inorganic matter and have more frequent wetting anddrying, and freezing and thawing, creating different soilstructure from the subsoil. One typical measure of thepedogenic structure difference is the bulk density.Structural and textural contrasts can also result fromanthropogenic effects, such as tillage operations andother soil management practices.