Fungi in the growth environment of biologically protected tomato.

摘要

Tomato cv. Rumba Ozarowska, was grown in the greenhouse, in pots. The experiment involved biological control in the form of alternate spraying and watering with 5% aqueous extracts of the following plant species: Aloe vulgaris; Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita; Polygonum aviculare; Equisetum arvense; Juglans regia; and Urtica dioica. In the control treatment, plants were sprayed and watered with distilled water. After harvest, samples of leaves and stems were collected to isolate the pathogenic fungi. The rate of mycelial growth inhibition was determined in the laboratory for the selected pathogens, on PDA medium containing 1 and 5% aqueous extracts of the above plant species. Biological control based on plant extracts effectively suppressed pathogen growth on the analysed tomato organs. The highest reduction in the population of pathogenic fungi colonizing tomato leaves compared to the control treatment was observed following the application of aqueous extract of aloe, common milfoil and peppermint. The infection of tomato stems was inhibited to the highest degree by the extract composed of English walnut, mint and bird's knotgrass. Plant extracts added to PDA medium significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the tested pathogens. The growth of Fusarium oxysporum and F. poae was suppressed to the highest degree by a 5% bird's knotgrass extract, while the growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes and F. equiseti were inhibited by the peppermint and English walnut extracts at both concentration levels.