Economic efficiency of plant protection treatments in non-ploughing system.

摘要

The Karolew Sp. z o.o. farm is situated in Wielkopolskie voivodeship, district Gostyn commune Borek Wielkopolskie (Poland). For over 10 years, the farm has been using non-ploughing cultivation. Research on economic effectiveness of plant protection was conducted in 2008. The farm utilizes 2573 ha in which arable land (AL) comprises 92.7%. The farm's activity is based on the farming system of plant and breeding (R-H) with rape and cereal cultivation and milk cattle breeding. The structure of sowing comprises 65.6% cereals, 13.9% rape, 13.8% sugarbeet and 11.5% maize. Wheat, sugarbeet and rape are the main plant products of Karolew. The farm has specialist devices, i.e. non-ploughing equipment and a high-class self-propelled sprayer with a working width of 3 m. The daily working capacity of the sprayer is from 120-200 ha. The intensity of pesticide usage in the studied farm is of a large extent. On 1.0 ha of AL, an average of 4 kg of active substance (a.s.) was used and usage range oscillated from 1 to 10.8 kg a.s./ha. The usage structure comprised mainly herbicides (46.1%), fungicides (22.9%), insecticides (5.2%) and others (25.8%). The number of procedures ranged from 2 to 5. The explicit costs of chemical plant protection treatment for wheat cultivation were 480 PLN/h, for sugarbeet cultivation they were 3 times higher. The profitability of chemical plant protection, defined with profitability indicator, came to 5.9 dt/ha for wheat and 117 dt/ha for sugarbeet. It was concluded that to cover expenses for chemical plant protection, 11% of wheat yield and 19.5% of sugarbeet yield should be allocated.