Changing threats to winter wheat cultures by fungal diseases in the years 1995-2005 in the region of middle-southern Poland

摘要

In 1995-2005, investigations were performed on the changes in the occurrence of fungal diseases on winter wheat in the middle-southern Poland. With steadily increasing share of winter wheat in crop rotation, a statistically confirmed increase of winter wheat infection by fungal pathogens was stated. The level of leaf infections in 1995-2005 amounted to: 25-37% (Stagonospora nodorum), 14-17% (Septoria tritici [Mycosphaerella graminicola]), 8-19% (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), 2-11% (Fusarium spp. on ears) and 2-11% (Blumeria graminis [Erysiphe graminis] on leaves and ears). The infection of leaves by the remaining pathogens largely depended on the agrochemical and weather conditions in particular years and amounted to: 55% (Puccinia triticina [Puccinia recondita]) in 2000, 30-99% (stem base diseases caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) and 7-69% (Fusarium spp.). Distinct changes could be seen in the occurrence of fungal diseases, which clearly indicated the increasing threat to winter wheat cultures..