Variation in the intensity of fungal disease development on winter wheat in the years 2001-2005

摘要

Among cultivated cereals, winter wheat is the most frequently attacked by pathogenic fungi that cause many serious diseases. The development of these diseases is dependent among others on the susceptibility of a cultivar, quality of sowing material, environmental and agrotechnical conditions, and the course of weather. In studies conducted in Poland in 2001-05 on winter wheat cv. Mikon, a considerable variation was stated in the occurrence and intensity of the development of pathogenic fungi infecting specific plant organs. On winter wheat leaves in 2001 and 2002, the brown rust (Puccinia recondita) dominated, while in 2003 and 2005, it was the septoria leaf blotch (Septoria spp.), which was the most frequent. In 2004, the dominant disease on winter wheat leaves was powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis). Every year, a moderate occurrence of tan leaf spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) was observed. Winter wheat ears were every year infected by Leptosphaeria nodorum, causing glume blotch. Also, a great variation was stated in the intensity of Fusarium spp. development, causing head blight. On culm bases, the most serious disease was the eyespot (Tapesia yallundae, anamorph Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides). The highest intensity of the occurrence of this disease was recorded in 2004, and the lowest in 2003. In the years of lower occurrence of eyespot, an increase of foot rot intensity caused by Fusarium was observed. In the case of not controlling these pathogens, lowering of grain yield and its quality can be expected..