Monitoring of cereal herbicide residues in water on arable areas

摘要

Studies were carried out in 2000-03 in Poland to evaluate herbicidal pollution in surface and groundwater on arable areas. The samples were collected (from stationary points located in the southwest Poland) twice a year (in spring and autumn, ~4-6 weeks after nominal term of herbicide application). The surface water was collected from 27 points and the groundwater from 18 wells. The residues of herbicide active ingredients were determined using chromatography methods: HPLC with UV detection and GLC with ECD detection. The residues of the active compounds in surface and groundwater (in spring and autumn) were detected. The maximum residues were detected in the surface water samples, i.e. up to 0.001 mg/l for triazines (atrazine and simazine) and phenoxy acids (2,4-D and MCPA). In the groundwater samples (from wells), the residues were detected sporadically and its level was lower than that in the surface water samples. The presence of herbicides in water sources raises concerns for the protection of drinking water quality, and the EC Drinking Water Directive stipulates the requirement that no single herbicide should not exceed 0.0001 mg/l and total herbicides should not exceed 0.0005 mg/l in drinking water. Residues at concentrations exceeding the EU and Polish safety standards were detected in ca. 6% of the groundwater samples. The residues of the active compounds in the surface and groundwater samples were detected most frequently in spring time..