Mechanical relaxations in heat-aged polycarbonate. Part I: comparison between two molecular weights

摘要

As part of a wider research program related to polycarbonate embrittlement, the effects of heat-aging on mechanical relaxation behavior have been studied by examining the relationship between secondary transitions and stress relaxation behavior. In this Part I, the differences in response between two molecular weight polycarbonates (PC) are compared for injection molded samples. Dynamic mechanical spectra showed that the presence of an intermediate beta transition (approx 80 deg C) is strongly dependent on molecular weight and heat-aging. However, the beta_1 (35 deg C) and the gamma (-100 deg C) peaks are generally insensitive to either effect. The study also attempted to interpret the similarities and differences in relaxation response using free volume and conformational change arguments, which have been subject to much scrutiny. Using the KWW streched exponential to characterize stress relaxation, it appeared that bulk free volume recovery concepts could explain differences in stress relaxation response but not the corresponding losses in toughness. Hence, it is proposed that changes in relaxation response are most likely dur to an interplay of relatively large scale molecular volume and molecular conformation processes that affect intermolecular cooperativity. These high-activation processes are related to the broad beta region (beta_1 < T < T_g).