Phosphorolytic Reactivity of o-lodosylcarboxylates and Related Nucleophiles

摘要

The discovery of the acute toxicity of various pentavalent organophorous compounds toward living species led to the development, industrial production, and widespread use of phosphoric, thiophosphoric, and phosphonothioic acid derivatives as biocides for animal and crop protection. Parallel to insecticide development, appreciation of their protential lethality also led to consideration of their use as weapons of mass destruction. Although modern chemical weapons have been used in limited circum-stances (e.g., Iraq) and by terrorists in Tokyo, wide-scale use of these horrible materials has not thus far occurred. Nevertheless, large quantities of agents such as the fluorophosphonates sarin and soman, the phosphoroamidocyanidate tabum, and the more toxic and persistent methylphosphonothioates VX and Russian-VX (see Chart 1) are still stockpiled in a number of countries around the world, and their destruction requires the use of environmentally friendly processes.