Pahs and mutagenicity of inhalable and respirable diesel particulate matter in santiago,chile

摘要

Delayed human effects such as cancer could be a consequence of chronic exposure,over long periods of time,to inhalable (PM_10)and respirable (PM_2.5)particles containing environmental carcinogen mixtures.Air pollution in santiago,chile,is a major public health problem due to the high levels of regulated pollautants such as PM_10,CO,and ozone.In this work,we studied the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)onto PM_10 and PM_2.5 collected in diesel revision plants,in a rural area not exposed to diesel emissions.The PM_10 average levels in diesel emissin plants were higher than the chilean MP_10 standard and higher than those found in the urban and rural areas.In the urban area the PM_10 average levels were lower than the chilean PM_10 standard,although some 24 h levels surpassed the levels established to decree preemergency ore emergency and in some cases were higher than the levels reported by all the official monitoring stations.The levels of total PAHs onto PM_10 were higher in the diesel plants than in the urban area nad rural area,but the levels of six carcinogenic PAHs were similar in the diesel plants to those found in the urban area.Organic extracts from PM_10 collected in diesel plants in salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence and in the absence of an S9 activation system were significatly higher than in the urban area and rural area.Mutagenic activity with and without S9 in diesel plant and the urban area showed that indirect (PAHs)and direct (nitro-PAHs)mutagenic compounds are present in organic extracts from PM_10.In conclusion,these results showed that in santiago diesel emissin particles were high mutagenic and contain carcinogenic PAHs.This might repesent a risk for long-term respiroatory efects in santiago's inhabitants.