Seed-Borne Infection of Farmer-Saved Maize Seeds by Pathogenic Fungi and Their Transmission to Seedlings

摘要

Seed-borne infection of maize (Zea mays L.) by fungal pathogens was studied using 22 seed samples of maize collected from different locations in Burkina Faso. The moist blotter test was used to detect fimgi on seeds. Experiment was also performed on seedlings raised from naturally infected maize seed samples in order to evaluate the transmission of fimgi from seeds to seedlings. Ten pathogenic fiingi were recorded on seeds and consisted of Acremonium strictum (infection ranging from 2 to 96%), Bipolaris maydis (1 to 30%), Botryodiplodia theobromae (1 to 17%), Colletotrichum graminicola (2 to 8%), Curvularia sp. (1 to 39%), Exserohilum rostratum (1 to 13%), Fusarium moniliforme (38 to 99%), F. equiseti (1 to 15%), F.pallidoroseum (1 to 23%) and Phomasp. (2 to 50%). Aspergillus flavus (1 to 99%), A. niger (1 to 99%), Cladosporium sp. (1 to 93%), Penicillium sp. (12 to 100%) sndRhizopus sp. (1 to 51%) were the saprophytic fimgi detected. Rates of seedling infection by fimgal pathogens were low. Seedsamples with 30% mfection by B. maydis, 8% infection by C. graminicola and 26% infection by Phoma sp. resulted in 2, 2 and 16% leaf infections, respectively.