Concerning the Width of Spark Channels with Different Polarities in Submicrosecond Sliding Discharges in Noble Gases

摘要

Previously, the parameters of submicrosecond (with a duration of <200 ns) multichannel high current discharges sliding along a ceramic surface in Ne, Ar, and Xe were studied only for the negative polarity of the applied voltage. The experimental data indicate that the channels expand in the transverse direction mainly due to electron drift from the channel surface layer under the action of the electric field perpendicular to the channel axis and subsequent gas ionization by these electrons. To investigate mechanisms for the chan nel development in a sliding discharge—in particular, to determine the contribution of electron drift—it is necessary to carry out experiments similar to those performed earlier for the opposite polarity of the applied voltage. Here, the results of measurements of the widths of the spark channels of negative and positivepolar ity sliding discharges excited in Ne, Ar, and Xe at pressures of 30 and 100 kPa are presented and discussed. It is shown that, depending on the pressure and sort of gas, the averaged optical width of positivepolarity chan nels is smaller by a factor of 1.27–1.60 than that of negativepolarity channels. The experimental data are analyzed using the theory of propagation of ionization waves with different polarities in gases. Analysis has shown that electron diffusion contributes insignificantly to channel expansion and that, for both polarities, the channel expansion rate exceeds the electron drift velocity in the transverse electric field near the channel. In the framework of the socalled approximation of nonlocalized initial conditions, the measured ratio between of the widths of negative and positivepolarity channels and their relation to the electron mobility are explained by the channel expansion governed by both electron drift and primary free electrons produced by a shortterm source in a narrow region ahead of the front of the expansion wave. Numerical simulations show that the width of this region is comparable with that of the wave front and is more than one order of mag nitude smaller than the observed channel radius. Gas photoionization by the channel radiation can serve as a source of primary electrons.