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Fire season affects size and architecture of Colophospermum mopane in southern African savannas

机译:火灾季节影响南部非洲大草原的爬山虎(Colophospermum mopane)的大小和结构

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Wildfires may be started naturally by lightning or artificially by humans. In the savanna regions of southern Africa, lightning fires tend to occur at the start of the wet season, during October and November, while anthropogenic fires are usually started during the dry season, between July and August. A long-term field manipulation experiment initiated in the Kruger National Park in 1952 was used to explore whether this seasonal divergence affects tree abundance, spatial pattern, size and architecture. After 44 years of prescribed burning treatments that simulated the seasonal incidence of lightning and anthropogenic fires, mean densities of the locally-dominant shrub, Colophospermum mopane, were 638 and 500 trees ha(-1) respectively. Trees in burnt plots had aggregated distributions while trees in unburnt plots had random distributions. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were recorded in a range of morphological parameters including tree height, canopy diameter, mean stem circumference and number of stems. The incidence of resprouting also differed significantly between treatments, with burnt trees containing a high proportion of coppiced stems. The differences in tree size and architecture between the mid-dry season and early-wet season burning plots suggest that anthropogenic fires applied during July and August cannot substitute for a natural lightning fire regime. Anthropogenic fire yields a landscape that is shorter, more scrubby and populated by numerous coppiced shrubs than the landscape generated by natural lightning fire conditions.
机译:野火可能是由雷电自然引发的,也可能是人为造成的。在南部非洲的热带稀树草原地区,雷雨往往在十月和十一月的雨季开始时发生,而人为火灾通常在七月至八月的旱季开始。 1952年在克鲁格国家公园发起的一项长期野外操作实验被用来研究这种季节性差异是否会影响树木的丰度,空间格局,大小和建筑。经过44年的规定焚烧处理,模拟了雷电和人为火灾的季节性发生,当地占主导地位的灌木Colophospermum mopane的平均密度分别为638和500棵树ha(-1)。烧毁地块中的树木具有聚集分布,而未烧毁地块中的树木具有随机分布。在一系列形态学参数(包括树高,树冠直径,平均茎周长和茎数)中记录到显着差异(p <0.001)。处理之间的重发发生率也显着不同,烧焦的树木含有大量的茎。干旱中期和湿季早期燃烧区之间树木大小和结构的差异表明,在7月和8月间发生的人为火灾不能替代自然的雷电火灾。与自然闪电火灾条件所产生的景观相比,人为火灾所产生的景观更短,更易碎,并且由许多灌木丛组成。

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