Evaluation of Two Disease Warning Systems for Botryosphaeria Panicle and Shoot Blight of California Pistachio and Efficient Control Based on Early-Season Sprays

摘要

Two empirical models to predict infection events were evaluated for control of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight, caused by a Fusicoccum sp., as well as the effectiveness of early-season fungicide sprays on the control of this disease of pistachio. A model incorporating wetness duration was superior to one based solely on duration of rains >or=1 mm/h for >or=4 h and with temperature >or=11pC. The wetness duration threshold (W) for rain events >or=4 mm at a given temperature (T) for high-risk infection events was W = 7.8 + 397/T and the threshold for medium-risk events was W = 6.9 + 220/T. Wet periods interrupted by