Husserl Between Frege’s Logicism And Hilbert’s Formalism

摘要

The traditional view regarding the philosophy of mathematics in the twentieth century is the dogma of three schools: Logicism, Intuitionism and Formalism. The problem with this dogma is not, at least not first and foremost, that it is wrong, but that it is biased and essentially incomplete. `Biased` because it was formulated by one of the involved parties, namely the logical empiricists - if I see it right - in order to make their own position look more agreeable by comparison with Intuitionism and Formalism. `Essentially incomplete` because there was - and still exists - beside Frege`s Logicism, Brouwer`s Intuitionism and Hilbert`s Formalism at least one further position, namely Husserl`s phenomenological approach to the foundations of arithmetic, which is also philosophically interesting. In what follows, I want to do two things: First, I will show that the standard dogma regarding the foundations of mathematics is not only incomplete, but also inaccurate, misleading and basically wrong with respect to the three schools themselves. In doing this I hope to make room for Husserl and his phenomenological approach as a viable alternative in the foundations of arithmetic. Second, I will show how Husserl`s phenomenological point of view is a position that fits exactly in between Frege`s "logicism", properly understood, and Hilbert`s mature proof theory, in which his so called "formalism" turns out to be only a means to an end and not a goal in itself.