Safe and sustainable urban sanitation

摘要

In developing countries, urban areas are estimated to have higher sanitation coverage than rural areas, but these statistics often mask the severity and complexity of sanitation challenges. New approaches are needed to properly characterize sanitation services in cities where on-plot sanitation is the dominant service model for the urban poor. An assessment was therefore undertaken of household sanitation facilities in some of the poorest unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania's largest city.The aim was to develop and apply a set of new indicators to characterize and assess the hygienic safety and sustained functioning of existing on-plot systems, including locally available pit emptying and disposal methods.