The management of municipal solid waste in developing countries: Botswana case study

摘要

Developing and transition countries, such as Botswana, face several challenges on the implementation of the critical components of MSWM. These challenges include: lack of knowledge to implement integrated programmes that incorporate the environment and clean technologies and the inclusion of hazardous materials in MSW, inadequate capacity at local levels to administer waste management programmes, and the inability to collect all the waste. All the stakeholders including waste generators, regulators, decision makers, waste processors, informal and formal sectors, financial institutions, private initiatives, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (Manga et al., 2008), have a crucial role in improving the systems, ensuring the development and delivery of an effective and efficient MSWM system. This paper reviews some of these responsibilities.