Analysis and Design for Train Crashworthiness Using Multibody Models

摘要

The increasing demands in passive safety of trains are putting new challenges in the design methodologies. The designers nowadays are requiring not only simulation tools based on complex models, but also simplified simulation tools with optimization procedures that can be used efficiently in the earlier design stages. Multibody dynamics formulations have shown to be suitable to develop these simplified models. In this work, 1D rigid body and 2D rigid-flexible models are presented. A general design framework has been established coupling simulation tools with sensitivity analysis and optimization algorithms. The design optimization methodologies include multicriteria, multi-load and constrained minimization. The design methodologies are developed in order to optimize several design parameters related with crash capabilities such as energy absorbed, accelerations or deformations. Geometric or material characteristics are used as design variables which in turn are related to the standard characteristics of the energy absorption devices of the train and the structural components. 1D design tools are also used in procedures to optimize the characteristics of full-scale experimental tests. Some examples are presented, involving also the optimization of the energy distribution along trains, and the design of a front-end structure using multiload optimization.