EPIDEMIOLOGIE ET PRONOSTIC DES ACCIDENTS DE L'ENFANT A DAKAR, SENEGAL

摘要

The impact of accidental injury on childhood morbidity and mortality in Africa is underestimated. The frequency and severity of accidents is high. This retrospective study includes 381 children (3% of admission) between the ages of 0 and 15 years hospitalized for accidental injury at the Principal Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, between January 1,1997 and December 31,2000. The annual incidence of childhood injury doubled over the 4-year study period. Mean age was 48 months and the M/F sex ratio was 1.7. The causes were trauma (n=184) due to domestic accidents (n=109 including 91 falls) or road accidents (n=75), poisoning (n=129 including 38 caustic soda burns), foreign body aspiration or ingestion (n=30), burns (n=18), and miscellaneous accidents (n=20). Most fatalities (9%) were due to road accidents and falls. Rapid uncontrolled urbanization and problems of displaced rural populations in adapting to city living may account for the high frequency of falls from high buildings and road accidents. As in industrialized countries road accidents, though not the most frequent, are the most lethal. Lack of emergency services accounts for severity. Vigorous information campaigns and prevention action will be needed to lower the high morbidity and mortality of childhood injury in developing countries.