Extending Older Drivers' Access to Freeways with Intelligent Transportation System Technologies

摘要

The vanguard of the baby boom generation is approaching retirement age. They received their driver's licenses at the age of 16 at a time when freeways were reshaping urban land patterns. For those living in suburbs and the urban edge, freeway driving is a way of life. Nevertheless, as these drivers age, they too will experience changes in visual acuity and a reduction in their ability to respond quickly to changes in road conditions. Many studies document problems that older drivers face on city streets. The current study funded by the Arizona Department of Transportation and FHWA suggests that freeway driving might be less taxing for some. The study explores the possibility that intelligent transportation system (ITS) devices—including variable message signs; portable, changeable message signs; and ramp meters—may respond to older drivers' challenges with freeway driving. Eleven focus groups held with diverse groups of freeway drivers from 65 to 80 years of age in 2003—2004 focused on these ITS devices and suggested minor changes in application that would enhance their value. Drivers said that fixed variable message signs with a positive contrast caught their attention and were easier to read than standard signs. They urged their use for short simple messages centered on the signs. Portable signs attracted attention, but they were subject to glare and were difficult to read at the roadside, particularly those with multiple phases. Ramp meters were enthusiastically endorsed especially when combined with acceleration lanes. A parallel study using Arizona accident data provided some statistical evidence to support positive views of ramp meters.