1. In order to satisfy tying requirements, is it acceptable to increase the thickness of an end plate? For simple joints, the bending resistance of the end plate is likely to be governing the tying resistance, so increasing the thickness of the end plate is a very tempting course of action. However, in order to keep the joint nominally pinned, the end plate needs to remain flexible, so increasing the end plate thickness should be avoided. 2. When can the point of contraflexure be considered a point of lateral restraint in a portal frame? When the rafter is a rolled section, the purlins are not shallower than 1/4 of the depth of the rafter, and at least two bolts are provided in the purlin-to-rafter connection.
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