Wpływ drzewostanów o zróżnicowanym udziale świerka na gleby różnych typów siedliskowych lasu w Górach Stołowych

摘要

Physico-chemical properties and macronutrient fertility of soils were compared under spruce, mixed and beech stands in four types of forest habitat (mountain broadleaf forest, mountain mixed broadleaf forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest and mountain coniferous forest) in 373 sites of forest monitoring in the Stolowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland, localized on four types of geological bedrocks (granites, Permian sandstones, Cretaceous sandstones and Cretaceous mudstones), and on various soil types (Leptosols, Podzols, Eutric and Dystric Cambisols, Luvisols, Stagnosols, and Gleysols). Soils under the spruce monocultures had in their upper horizons (the forest litter and 0-10 cm) the significantly higher organic carbon pools, but lower pH, increased activity of exchangeable aluminum, lower contents of exchangeable base cations, available potassium and magnesium (without changes in available phosphorus), resulting finally in lower values of the soil trophic index (SIG). The negative impact of spruce monocultures on the physicochemical soil properties was much stronger in the eutrophic habitats (dedicated to broadleaf forest) than in dystrophic ones. Under the broadleaf forests, mainly beech stands, introduced to the dystrophic habitats, a positive, but weak influence on the chemical soil properties was found. It may indicate that the conversion of the coniferous into mixed or deciduous stands will stop the further soil acidification and leaching, but will not cause a rapid improvement in the physicochemical soil properties deformed previously under spruce monocultures.%Chemical properties and fertility of soils were compared under spruce, mixed and beech stands in four types of forest habitat (mountain broadleaf forest, mountain mixed broadleaf forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest and mountain coniferous forest) in 373 sites of forest monitoring in the Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland. Soils under the spruce stands had higher organic carbon pools in their upper horizons, but lower pH, increased activity of exchangeable aluminum, lower contents of exchangeable base cations, available potassium and magnesium, resulting finally in lower values of the soil trophic index (SIG). The negative impact of spruce monocultures on the physicochemical soil properties was much stronger in the eutrophic habitats (dedicated to broadleaf forest) than in dystrophic ones. Weak positive effect of the beech introduction on soils in the dystrophic habitats indicated that the conversion of the coniferous into mixed or deciduous stands would not cause a rapid improvement in the physicochemical properties deformed previously under spruce monocultures.