The Unintended Consequences of European Sanctions on Russia

摘要

On 30 July 2014, the European Union published its 'third-stage' sanctions on Russia in response to Russian policy towards Ukraine.1 These measures, which came into effect the following day, target whole sectors of the economy rather than individuals and companies, as in the previous two stages. Specifically, they take aim at oil exploration, military assistance, sensitive advanced technology and state-owned banks.