「日本人の国民性第13次全国調査」の欠票分析： 個人•地点•調査員の特性と調査回収状況の関連

摘要

This study assesses nonresponse behaviors of a large-scale social survey. Using data of the 13th nationwide survey of the Japanese National Character, a survey for survey takers, and national population census of 2010, this study investigates whether sampled individuals', neighborhood', and survey takers' characteristics relate to the individuals' survey response behaviors. As sampled individuals (N=6054) are nested in each sampled neighborhood (N=400), a multinomial two-level multilevel modeling approach was applied. Results of the study indicate that, when compared to a reference category (i.e.. response),(1)whether a person lives in a detached home is related to refusal by target persons and by others (i.e., other than sampled individuals, likely family members). (2) there are differences between neighborhoods in survey response behaviors, especially between-neighborhood-variation of non-contact cases is relatively large, (3) neighborhood-level variables obtained from national population census of 2010 partly explain differences between neighborhoods in the behaviors, and (4) survey takers' years of experience are associated negatively with non-contact and refusal by target individuals and by others. The study's findings indicate that more experienced survey takers are capable of avoiding non-contact and refusal cases. Since survey administrators cannot force sampled individuals to respond to a survey, but can select and train survey takers, further studies need to examine relationships between survey takers' characteristics and sampled individuals' non-response behaviors to have practical implications that can improve survey response rates.%「日本人の国民性第13次(2013年)全国調査」に加え，「調査員事後アンケート」および国勢調査 のデータを用い，個人と地点の2水準を考慮した多項ロジット•マルチレベル分析によって個 人·地点•調査員の特性と回収状況(有効回答，接触不能，本人拒否，他者拒否）の関連を実証的 に検討した.先行研究が示す若年層と男性の低回収傾向に加え，以下の4点が明らかになった. 参照カテゴリである有効回答と比較したとき，（1)対象者の住居形態が一戸建であることは，本 人拒否と他者拒否の増加と関連している，（2)地点間に回収状況の差異があり，中でも，接触不 能に比較的大きな地点間差異がある，（3)国勢調査に基づく町丁字水準の変数が，地点間の回収 状況の差異と関連している，（4)調査員の経験年数が長いと接触不能，本人拒否，他者拒否が減 る傾向がある.調査主体が制御可能なのは調査員のみであるので，今後も調査員の特性と回収 状況に関する実証的知見を蓄積し，回収率の向上に寄与する方策を模索することが求められる.