Protecting Soldiers, Not Mothers: Soldiers' Income Compensation in Switzerland during World War II

摘要

This article analyzes the role of soldiers' income compensation in the development of Swiss social policy. Introduced in 1940, compensation for wage losses incurred during militia duties (Erwerbersatzordnung, EO) became the forerunner of old age pensions, the cornerstone of the postwar welfare state. Yet, by entrenching links between citizenship, military service, and social rights, the EO also contributed to delaying programs such as family protection measures and maternity benefits. Besides underscoring the EO impact on the gendering of social policy, this article explores how this program was shaped by public–private partnerships and business interests.