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Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

机译:由早期型星团星系透镜形成的高度放大的超新星的多个图像

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摘要

In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z = 0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z =.1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses.
机译:1964年,Refsdal假设超新星的光穿过强重力透镜周围的多条路径可以用来测量宇宙膨胀率。我们报告发现了这样的系统。在哈勃太空望远镜成像中,我们发现了四个超新星的四个图像,这些超新星形成了MACS J1149.6 + 2223簇中红移z = 0.54椭圆星系周围的爱因斯坦十字形。该星团的引力还可以创建z = 1.49螺旋超新星宿主星系的多个图像,并且有望在该星团领域的其他地方出现超新星。超新星图像的放大倍率和交错到达探测了宇宙膨胀率,以及物质在星系和星团透镜中的分布。

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  • 来源
    《Science》 |2015年第6226期|1123-1126|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;

    Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;

    California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;

    Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;

    Center for Cosmological and Particle Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA, Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA;

    Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;

    Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;

    Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Ve| 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Demark, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;

    School of Physics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;

    Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Ve| 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Demark;

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France;

    INAF-OAR, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio, Rome, Italy;

    California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;

    Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;

    Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA;

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;

    Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;

    Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;

    Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA, The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia;

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  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 02:52:00

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