Cross-sector research collaboration in the USA:a national innovation system perspective

摘要

This article uses a conceptual framework drawn from a national innovation systems (NIS) perspective to examine cross-sector research collaboration (CSRC) in the USA. The article describes how CSRC happens, how this relates to critical historical and public policy elements of the US NIS and examines how effective this approach has been. In the USA, CSRC is a product of both historical factors and the evolving system of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy that has its roots in both the federal and state/local levels of government. These forces and other social and economic factors have resulted in a diverse collection of both informal and formal linkage mechanisms. Implications for US public policy and other NIS are discussed.