Rumänien gehört zu den Ländern, deren Wirtschaft traditionell stark agrarisch geprägt war. Bedeutsam waren der Anbau von Mais und Weizen sowie die Ausfuhr von Fleisch (SOMESAN 1941). Sowohl das Produktionsniveau als auch die Produktivität der Landwirtschaft waren allerdings im Vergleich zu anderen europäischen Ländern niedrig (PUTLITZ 1921). Wenngleich nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges die Industrialisierung des Landes erklärtes Ziel der Regierungspolitik war, blieb der Stellenwert der Landwirtschaft mit 14 % am produzierten Nationaleinkommen (1984) unvermindert hoch.%The political change has lead to deeply-rooted processes of transformation in the rural districts of Rumania. These processis examined using the example of four villages in the area around Cluj-Napoca. On the one hand, the characteristic changes are the collapse of the previous collective economy and, on the other hand, the development of numerous small, private farming businesses (average company size: 1.8 ha). These small businesses must survive under extremely difficult conditions. They hardly own any capital, few machines, there is a lack of fertilisers, pesticides and seeds. For these reasons, many companies are run as subsistence businesses. However, movement towards the formation of competitive farming companies can already be recognised, a factor which could have positive effects on the development of the rural districts. This is above all true of plant growing firms, which are founded by many single farmers joining forces. Nowadays, animals are usually kept by single farmers alone. Many of the large barns, belonging to the former collective companies have been destroyed and can no lonaer be used.
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