Tech-driven consumer Cyburbia

摘要

ICT (information communication technology) has created "gorgeous new opportunities" in these cities, says Johnson. Smart cities are springing up all over the world with ultramodern technologies and shiny new buildings. Many of the Chinese "knowledge" cities - for example, Shenzhen (pictured) and Guangzhou - fall into this category, as do Konza in Kenya, which is being constructed as a high-tech alternative to Nairobi; Appolonia in Ghana; and parts of Singapore. But Johnson criticises the top-down, state-funded approach to creating these "digitally enhanced cities".