Yeasts Isolated from Wheat Grain Can Suppress Fusarium Head Blight and Decrease Trichothecene Concentrations in Bread Wheat and Durum Wheat Grain

摘要

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is the most dangerous disease in all regions where bread wheat and durum wheat are grown, mostly due to grain contamination with trichothecenes produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. Biological control of FHB with the use of yeast suspensions could pose a viable alternative to fungicides. The aim of this study was to perform in vitro selection of yeast isolates capable of inhibiting the development of FHB and reducing the concentrations of type A and type B trichothecenes in grain. In a field experiment, the inoculation of durum wheat spikes with Fusarium culmorum decreased grain yield by 9.13% and led to the highest accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain at 11.704 mg kg(-1). Isolates Candida sake Cs58, Rhodotorula glutinis Rg64 and Debaryomyces hansenii Dh53 most effectively inhibited the decline in durum wheat yield. Biological treatments induced a 10-fold decrease in the DON content of inoculated grain. Spike inoculation with F. culmorum decreased bread wheat yield by 19.88%. The isolate Aureobasidium pullulans Ap24 was most effective in decreasing FHB symptoms, whereas the isolate D. hansenii Dh53 reduced DON concentration by 11.33-fold in inoculated grain and decreased nivalenol concentration by 18.12-fold in the grain of non-inoculated bread wheat.